Friday, July 18, 2014

Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: Of Simian Survival and Masculine Tropes

Dawn of the Planet of the Apes begins as it ends: a close up of Caesar.  It is a cinematic choice cautiously not coy, and deliberately in your face. It implies Caesar’s presence as significant to the plot, and a bridge between two worlds.  As one can remember what made the first of the reboot, Rise of the Planet of the Apes great was watching Caesar develop from an infant to adulthood.  He was like a fresh canvas that we got to watch move through the intricate and complex motions of the human condition.  Indeed, his relationship with the human Will Rodman (James Franco) gave us an emotional parent-child attachment from which a subsequent struggle with abandonment emerged; a very human theme.  Like many young adults that come into their own, Caesar had to become detached from a world he was raised in to accept the new – albeit a simian world.  In Dawn of the Planet of the Apes we get to see this world – this community built by the apes. 
Ten years since the initial outbreak of the virus from the first film we are in a post-apocalyptic existence.  There is peace among the apes, Caesar is the leader and a family man, and the primal community – a character of its own, is an architectural oasis that is – spoiler but not so spoiler – disrupted by humans.   As the inciting incident becomes a catalyst for springing the film into life, certain themes can be explored; the gratuitous violence that defines masculinity, and the fear of self. 
The movie is as you would expect from a sequel; it has action, heart, drama, and talking apes on horseback.  As a cinematic experience of American movies it is definitely a fun ride especially if you are a fan of the first film.  The only thing lacking is character development in the human society.  It felt, to me, as if I was watching humans encroach upon an innocent tribe.  I felt no connection to the humans who are trying to survive after a catastrophe.  While there was a human and simian kinship built in the Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes no such kinship exists. 
The heart and soul of the film is carried solely in the human characteristics of Caesar and his relationship with his family.   The film will surely tug at your heart strings as it did mine when Caesar and his son Blue Eyes fight and reconcile or when Caesar fears of his wife’s death, but having said that, I want to explore – with a feminist perspective – hyper-masculine tropes.  It is important to analyze what, in the absence of females, defines a world lead by male bodies. 
The gratuitous violence in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes exemplifies a one dimensional aspect of maleness that is emphasized in possessing authority.  Stoic, compassionless, violent activity is considered leadership quality and the only kind of masculinity acceptable in such a universe.  When Caesar takes a “passive” role with the humans it creates friction within the simian hierarchy.  Koba, one of the apes we know from the first film, questions Caesar’s ability to lead, and ultimately uses this “passivity” against his friend.  When males do express compassion as Caesar does with the humans they are punished for it. When males deviate from the expected social norm the punishment can range anywhere from being ostracized from social settings to extreme violent attacks.  It’s easy to ignore the hegemonic masculinity of human males when faced with talking apes, but exerting dominance in order to maintain power is an actual male experience.  Society conditions men into believing a violent manhood is appropriate behavior in becoming a “real” man, and expressing anything other than that is a cardinal sin against patriarchy.  The guns used by the apes symbolize a tangible sense of male dominance – a world based on coercion and fear.  In this way the apes suddenly transform from primates to humans.  It is in this transformation that the film unintentionally explores the notion of a primal link to violent behavior.  Is this kind of brutality an innate quality of nature?  Or is it entirely environmental?  I personally do not want to believe that we are driven by a biological impulse – a predisposition to carnal savagery, but I do believe enough people accept this impulse as innate in men that we build a whole code of honor around violence.  We reward male bodied people for their homicidal guise and call it bravery or we make excuses for them when the violence is difficult to ignore.    
Our society has constructed such unattainable and rigid definitions of both femininity and masculinity that it is problematic.  Individual men can and do reject cultural norms of masculinity, but society at large is still perpetuating two polar opposites of binary existence.  You are either one or the other, but not in between.  The definitions we give to things becomes signifies that become stereotypes filmmakers use and reuse to sell a product – the film.  Now, we can’t expect to completely ignore the media, especially with films, but we must learn to identify the images being repeated so that we may be able to navigate through the constant, perpetual steam of social construction of personhood.   
It is not easy attempting to fit somewhere within either stringent roles, but how does a horde of apes help uncover a human folly?  As it was depicted in the 1968 film, human anxiety over the loss of superiority to simian primates is a substitute for the fear of self; the destruction of self by the self, or in other words, the destruction of man by man.  I believe that the apes are more a reflection of man’s battle with “otherness.”  The “other” is a term to describe our society’s fear of people we consider “foreigners” who look and sound and are different to the culture we are most comfortable with.  In creating an on screen enemy with this “other” through primates we are creating an environment that accepts violence in men to solve world problems.  And in that same process we dehumanize people different from us, which condones a self-destructive behavior within ourselves to justify the violence acted out on others. 

While the film on its own is not the problem, it does allow us the chance to read between the existential lines of gender roles.  Because this film is post-apocalyptic, recreating a society in the absence of females is like repeating history.  It rationalizes male dominance with an irrational plot.  What I’m trying to say is that the strict and extreme characterization of maleness within the film is an example that counters the invisibility of female participation in society.  It is unsurprisingly toxic to both sides. But having said that, I still recommend the film.

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